Week 4 - What is Ethics?

Monday, January 25, 2010 7:07 PM

“Ethics is about standards of behaviour, specifically, concern for 'good' behaviour and consideration of how our behaviour , as an individual or an organisation, affects the well-being of others or society as a whole.” (Tilley, 2005)

Morals and values fall under ethics. It is difficult to define what 'good' morals and values are when people are just so different, being brought up with different cultures, rules and personal experiences. Thus it is the same for ethics. People have different sets of thinking and they live by their own beliefs. A child being brought up by his parents may not have the same set of beliefs as his parents.

It is not easy being ethical and being ethical is not simple. Ethics is not just about good intent. There are many things to be mindful of. There are laws and rules to follow, company ethics, clients' culture and beliefs to be mindful of. There are different ethics schools of thought and with all things there are advantages and disadvantages, so with these schools of thought. Different situations should be assessed differently. How would we know what is ethical in different situations? There are times when PR practitioners mean well but what they did is unethical, perhaps unknowingly. All these comes with experience and an alert mind to assess the situations thoroughly. However, then again some people lack experience and do not have that an alert mind. People are made differently.

All these ethics, morals and values are man-made as well, aren't they? How can we be sure what was set in the past are the 'right' set of ethics, morals and values since “It is likely that no two people, let alone two cultures, have exactly the same morals and values or place the same degree of importance on them” (Tilley, 2005)?

I think it all boils down to following the law and the company's set of codes of ethics for PR practitioners. There may be conflicts between the law and the company's codes of ethics or between the PR practitioner himself and the company's set of codes of ethics, then it would be up to the PR practitioner to make a decision to act upon what he feels compelled to.

I believe that ethics will always be a blur and that no one person will be able to define it completely as much as he wants to just because different people sees things differently. There is bound to be a conflict of interest and there are so many people in the world. Definitely there would be at least one person would raise his/her hand to object to it.

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Week 3 - Theories, Theories, Theories

Monday, January 18, 2010 7:06 PM

Understanding theory is important. It is always good to have a strong theoretical foundation as it can help you to contextualize and sometimes also anticipate outcomes and then decide which strategies and tactics to use to in different situations. Public relations theories have been developed in the past through psychology, social sciences and sociology.

These public relations theories are basic frameworks which can help a public relations practitioner in his/her job. Knowing these frameworks will help in having different strategies and tactics to approach a client, colleagues and also the public. Being able to identify the possible strategies in different contexts is an advantage as it makes the task of the public relations practitioner much easier to do.

Different theories such as system theory, communication theory, public relations theory cultural theory can be used. System theory enables practitioners to comprehend how their practice can make an impact and also to enquire feedback and the communication theory gives helpful guidelines for constructing and bringing a message across. These four theories as stated above, do not have to be used one at a time. They can be used together.

Public relations practitioners need to be able to assess their task at hand to identify the strategies they might want to use to approach it. This is the first step PR practitioners must take.

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Week 2 - there's more to PR than meets the eye

Monday, January 11, 2010 11:32 PM

I learnt that when you are doing public relations, you are publicizing your product, not only through making good connections and relations with people, but there must be planning involved. There has to be a strategy, and a strategy is a plan or method by which you are going to achieve a specific goal in a competitive environment. The crux to developing a good strategy is research. Research plays an important role in strategizing.

What really enlightened me was when Tanya gave the example going to the movies which I will explain. We might think that the only threats that Cathay may receive is through other movie companies like Golden Village or Shaw Brothers. However, that is only on the surface. Competitors and competition may not be that obvious. It could be caused by other factors, perhaps in an intangible form. For example maybe a potential movie-goer got a sudden migraine, that would stop the person from going to the movies, or even, if a potential movie-goer suddenly feels like staying home to watch his or her favourite DVD.

Public Relations is not a solution to everything. What it does is that it creates awareness, but it does not mean that people will get it. People still have a choice to choose if they want to go for it. You would have to push sales. PR works best when it is part of an integrated communication campaign and everything done must be sending out the same message.

There are nine steps to follow in preparing, implementing and evaluating a strategic public relation plan. They are:

1. Research
Research can be done internally and externally. The internal research is generally done first as its least expensive and it works best when systems are in place for good record keeping.

2. Analysis
You would have to analyze your results. Doing a SWOT analysis would be good as it offers a way of sorting and evaluating results.

3. Goal setting
When setting your PR goal, it should essentially be a broad one

4. Objectives (SMART)
Then when it comes to setting the objectives for your PR campaign, it will be specific. Use SMART as a guideline for your objectives. S-Specific, M-Measurable, A-Achievable, R-Results-oriented, T-Time frame for competition.

5. Selecting people who are subjects of your activity (target audience)
Your target audience is one of most important ingredient because without them, your campaign would not work. You might think that your campaign is the most important, people people out there don't care. They see many advertisements every day on buses, at bus stops that they don't even realize that they are "immune" to them. Ask yourself if the ad would interest you. If it does not, then forget it, move on to the next idea.

6. Developing strategies
When developing a strategy, think of a range of options that might deliver the desired outcomes of the campaign.

7. Devising and implementing tactics
Tactics are often seen as the "bread and butter" skills of PR, i.e. writing, pitching, liaising, arranging and organizing. There are many kinds of tactics that can be used. For example, personal contact, presentations, videoconferencing, printed and digital publications, special events, logos and branding and many more.

8. Monitoring
Monitoring is done during the campaign.

9. Evaluating
Evaluating is done after the campaign.

I am glad to have learnt these and to be able to share this with others.

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